International Journal of Astronomy, Space Sciences and  Cosmology

International Journal of Astronomy, Space Sciences and Cosmology publishes original contributions and invited reviews covering the entire range of astronomy, astrophysics, astrophysical cosmology, planetary and space science and the astrophysical aspects of astrobiology. This includes both observational and theoretical research, the techniques of astronomical instrumentation and data analysis and astronomical space instrumentation. We particularly welcome papers in the general fields of high-energy astrophysics, astrophysical and astrochemical studies of the interstellar medium including star formation, planetary astrophysics, the formation and evolution of galaxies and the evolution of large scale structure in the Universe. Papers in mathematical physics or in general relativity which do not establish clear astrophysical applications will no longer be considered. The journal also publishes topically selected special issues in research fields of particular scientific interest. These consist of both invited reviews and original research papers. All papers published in the journal are subject to thorough and strict peer-reviewing.

Sir William Crookes, undoubtedly, was a scientist and an inventor who has contributed immensely to the continuous progress of humankind via science and engineering. These achievements vary from photography (he was a pioneer in this area as well) to agriculture; and no need to mention his achievements in chemistry and physics, which must be already well-known. A summarized list of some of these achievements is shown in the next paragraph. Crookes was a visionary and a promoter of science. In fact, Crookes started the process of “popularization” of science, making knowledge more accessible to the general public, especially in the Victorian society. Within, this context, he was also a pioneer regarding the creation of scientific journals. The list of his achievements in science, for instance, is long and there are already good references in the literature which present and discuss in detail about these achievements.[1-3] Within this context, there are two contributions that Crookes has made to cosmology which seem to be forgotten or not fully recognized. One is regarding his indirect contribution to the discovery of electrons; and the other one is regarding his discovery of radiant matter (or as it is now known as plasma) (Figure 1).[4,5]
List of some of the main scientific achievements of Sir William Crookes:
 Discovery of the selenocyanides;
 Discovery of thallium (a new element in the periodic table);
 Discovery of lines of molecular pressure;
 Discovery of radiant matter;
 Inventing of the radiant matter spectroscopy;
 Discovery of new elements in gadolinite;
 Fixation of atmospheric nitrogen;
 Investigation of some possibilities of electricity (i.e., wireless telegraphy);
 Creation of the Crookes Tube (pioneering vacuum tubes); 
 Description of the spectrum of terrestrial helium;
 Creation of the spinthariscope;
 Creation of the Crookes radiometer;
 Creation of eye-preserving glass for spectacles.

The Contributions of Sir William Crookes to Cosmology

Intergalactic Travel, Riemann Hypothesis, Dark Matter, No Big Bang and Other  Physics/Mathematics

The "Cosmic Time Hypothesis" (CTH) presented in this paper is a purely axiomatic theory. In contrast to today's standard model of cosmology, the ɅCDM model, it does not contain empirical parameters such as the cosmological constant Ʌ, nor does it contain sub-theories such as the inflation theory.

The Cosmic Time Hypothesis (CTH)- an Extension of General Relativity

In this Article Proof of the reason for the repeated changes in the eccentricity of the Earth's orbit, which caused worldwide glaciations on Earth, is offered. Theoretical studies are based on the author's theory of vortex gravity, cosmology and cosmogony, is based on the condition that gravity, all celestial bodies and elementary particles are created by ether vortices (torsions).








Why Global Glaciations Happened

The  following  article  proposes  that  black  holes  are  formed  by  the  quantum  pressure  of  interacting  gravitons  and photons. This pressure would not magically stop at the event horizon but would naturally affect the environment of the black holes.
Added to the quantum nature of photons and gravitons is the simplified diagram below of this article's vector-tensorscalar (VTS) geometry describing the two particles' interaction. Since the geometry was inspired by a paper Albert Einstein  published  in  1919,  it  would  -  if  correct  -  be  a  step  towards  quantum  gravity,  the  ongoing  quest  to  link Einstein’s general relativity with quantum mechanics. Similarly with Einstein's 1919 attempt to explain the atom in terms of electromagnetism and gravitation, this article outlines how the Higgs boson and the two nuclear forces arise through interaction of electromagnetism and gravitation. In the case of the weak and strong nuclear forces, it's thus suggesting a different approach to the electroweak  interaction (one approach  won the No bel Prize  for Physics in 
1979).[1]
Interaction  of  the  gravitons  and  photons  within  a  black  hole  produces  a  pressure  we  identify  as  mass.  Since  this pressure  extends  into  the  black  hole's  environment,  the  black  hole  is  losing  mass,  as  Stephen  Hawking's  idea  of "Hawking  radiation"  tells  us  (radiation  of  a  thermal  nature  -  heat  -  implies  that  electromagnetism's  photons  are 
present). As will be seen, the term "diagonal" in VTS Geometry can be replaced with the term “quaternion". And the counter clock wise rotation of the (horizontal) x-and (vertical) y-axes in Wick Rotation can be viewed as either rotation into diagonal form or as a quaternion function. This permits another view of dark matter and dark energy to be explored 
in the text.

Volume 2, Issue 1

The Contributions of Sir William Crookes to Cosmology

Volume 2, Issue 1

Intergalactic Travel, Riemann Hypothesis, Dark Matter, No Big Bang and Other Physics/Mathematics

Volume 1, Issue 1

The Cosmic Time Hypothesis (CTH)- an Extension of General Relativity

Volume 1, Issue 1

Why Global Glaciations Happened

Volume 1, Issue -1

How the Higgs Boson and Two Nuclear Forces Relate to the Quantum Pressure and Hawking Radiation of Black Holes as Well as Dark Matter and Dark Energy